solaris8 - Day 4

1. tar, useful for backing up hierarchies (dirs and subdirs). gtar versions will let you append and inline compress.
   • create
     • tar -cvf target.tar source (no tape)
     • tar -cv /dev/tapedevice source (tape)
     • tar -czv /dev/tapedevice source (tape, inlined gz)
   • list tar -tvf tarball.tar [path]
   • extract tar -xvf tarball.tar [path]

   • check to see if the leading path is stored
   • extract to STDOUT with a switch
   • may inline compression, or compress after the fact (usually gzip)
   • use exclusion files to exclude files you don't want to back up.
2. cpio, useful for incremental backups.
   • cpio works on arbitrary files; use find to locate the files
   • cpio includes rudimentary compression
   • use -local switch to limit to your own box

   • create (copy out to archive) find criteria -print | cpio -o > target.cpio
   • list cpio -it < archive.cpio 'filename'
   • extract (copy in from archive) cpio -im archive.cpio 'string*'
3. pax, the posix-compliant archiver. Default format is ustar (posix tar)
   • four modes: list (default), read, write, copy

   • create a cpio archive: find output | pax -x cpio -w -f cpio.pax
   • create a tar archive: find output | pax -w -f tarball.pax
   • append/update a tar archive: find output | pax -a -w -f tarball.pax

   • list an archive: pax -v -f archive.pax
   • extract an archive: pax -r 'files' < archive.pax
4. dump-style utilities, useful for non-portable, schedulable backups
   • dump works on hierarchies, and does incrementals internally
   • incrementals handled by numbers. Each incremental backs up files changed since last lower-numbered backup
     • 0 traditional for monthly backups. Done from single-user runlevel
     • 5 traditional for weekly backups
     • 9 traditional for daily backups
   • dump is not portable between systems
   • rudimentary compression
   • in root dir, unpacks in place; otherwise relative to local dir

   • create ufsdump levelf target.dump source
   • list ufsrestore -tf file.dump filename
   • extract ufsrestore -rf file.dump filename

software management

• from sourcecode
• from precompiled binaries
  • off the Solaris discs
  • off Solaris companion discs
  • off third-party vendor discs
  • off the web: http://www.sunfreeware.com/

package management with the CLI tools

• installing from the spool
  • files are not copied to the spool directory, they are actually spooled: pkgadd -d device-name -s spooldir pkgid ; pkginfo -d spooldir | grep pkgid
  • the default location to look for packages is /var/spool/package
• installing individual packages
  • pkgadd -d directory pkgid
  • pkgchk -v pkgid
• information about installed packages
  • pkginfo -l pkgid
• removing installed packages
  • pkgrm pkgid

    note that pkgrm by itself will attempt to remove all packages

package management with admintool

patch management

Support customers get CDs every few weeks. Nonsupported customers grab patches off the net: http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=patches/patch-access

• showrev -p, patchadd -p show patches
• pkgparam pkgid PATCHLIST shows patches for a given pkg
• patchadd patchid shows patches for a given pkg
• patchrm patchid shows patches for a given pkg

Homework

© 1994-2002 jason carr.
distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.

jason carr

Reminders

• Classroom temperature can be wildly variable. Dress lightly and bring layers.
• your username is based on the class title and the last two digits of your workstation's hostname.
• remember to take your work with you.